The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 983 Words

â€Å"There is always a time and a place for everything.† This is a phrase many of us may have already heard at least once, and it’s true. There is a certain time and a certain place for everything, especially with what words one can say or write. A person must be able to know when is the appropriate moment to say a certain something. This is Mark Twain is criticized about his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel about a runaway orphan boy named Huckleberry Finn who is accompanied by a runaway slave named Jim. As they sail down the Mississippi Rive, together they encounter problems and life lessons. Throughout this novel Twain uses the term â€Å"nigger† because of this there has been a controversy about whether the n-word should be removed and replaced with the term â€Å"slave† or whether it should be left the way it already is. Although Twain intended for the word to be in the novel, because he wanted to give a vivid experience of what it f elt like to live in the South during the 1830’s. But should there really be a version of the book with the n-word removed and be replaced with the term â€Å"slave,† even though we’ll be destroying Twain’s purpose of the novel. In like manner, there are people who want the n-word remove because how offensive it is, but that’s not the problem. The real problem is who we are letting access to be able to read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. We are letting people who don’t understand the meaning or the history of the n-word access to be ableShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Cultural Competence And Its Diversity - 1380 Words

Cultural Competence BY: Nardos, Carmen, and Mona Cultural Competence Is the ability to apply knowledge and skills needed to provide high-quality, evidence-based care to clients of diverse backgrounds and beliefs to overcome barriers and access resources promoting health and wellness (Pearson, p.1640,2015) Characteristics of Cultural Competence are Valuing Diversity Cultural Self-Assessment Cultural Awareness Cultural Knowledge Cultural Adaptability Valuing Diversity Diversity refers to an array of differences among individuals, groups, and communities (Pearson, p.1629, 2015). Differences among individuals are: sex, age, culture, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and spirituality. Diversity can occur†¦show more content†¦Provides effective communication with individuals such as: being aware of different gestures, facial expression, and eye contact Cultural Knowledge Cultural Knowledge is obtaining a sound educational foundation concerning the various world views of different cultures (Berman, Frandsen, Snyder, p.280, 2016). Cultural behaviors are learned by: Observing others’ actions Hearing instructions on what behaviors are right or wrong Imitating others doing a behavior Getting reinforcement (either positive ore negative) for enacting behaviors Internalizing behaviors Spontaneously doing the behaviors without thinking about it (Pearson p.1634, 2015). Cultural Adaptability Acculturation is the process of not only adapting to another culture but also accepting the majority group’s culture as one’s own. Because culture is complex, members of a cultural group may engage in many behaviors and habits unconsciously, making them difficult to explain to others (Pearson, p.1634, 2015). Some symbolic examples of Cultural Adaptability can be: Tiger balm-represents substances that are used in massage therapy as a way of restoring mental health. (Singapore) Rosary beads-symbolize prayer and meditation methods used in spiritual restoration. (Italy) Herbal remedies-aromatic plants that may be used by people from all ethno cultural traditional backgrounds as one method of restoring physical health. (Africa) The eye-

Bag Lady Free Essays

â€Å"Bag Lady’ Life’s ups and downs come to all walks of life. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade. Baggage in life comes in all forms. We will write a custom essay sample on Bag Lady or any similar topic only for you Order Now Time heals all things, but people have to let go of the baggage in their lives that keeps them from moving on. They hold the keys to the doors in their lives and no one can turn the key but them. In the song â€Å"Bag Lady’, Eureka Baud gives a wake up call for women to know what bags to hold on to, what bags to let go of, and what bag has the ticket for the bus that will move them on to bigger and better things In life. Eureka Baud said â€Å"bag lady, you goon hurt your back,’ dragging all them bags Like hat. ‘ I guess nobody ever told you/ all you must hold on to is you, is you, is you. † This verse says to let go of all the disappointment people find in their lives and put them- selves first and make it all about them. The second verse says â€Å"One day all them bags goon get in your way/ one day all them bags goon get in your way†¦ So pack light. † The second verse Is emphasizing the fact that women must learn how to let go of the excess baggage that pulls them down in order to survive. The third verse in â€Å"Bag Lady† says â€Å"Bag lady you goon’ miss your bus/ you can’t hurry up coos you’ve got too much stuff. This excerpt from the song tells women that by holding on to all the negative disappointment in their lives, they will end up missing out on opportunities to Improve themselves, that will move them on to bigger and better things in life. In â€Å"Bag Lady. † Eureka Baud mentions different types of women with different types of baggage that they hold on to that keeps them down. Baud is saying that bag ladies come from all walks of life. They are or have been at one point in time been the woman in the mirror and they have the power to change who they are or who they have become. The empowering keywords in† Bag Lady† are â€Å"Bet way love could make it better. † All Eureka Is saying Is to know your self-worth, and open the door to self-esteem; without It you have no chance at love, peace, Joy, power, and a sound mind. Accord ring to Leo Bogie, of Hawaii. Dude â€Å"Without self-worth, doubts and fears about our very existence will persist until they invalidate our dreams and vision, and undermine our greatest accomplishments†. Monica Poole English 102 Mr.. Green Bag Lady By Englishmen â€Å"Bag Lady† on to bigger and better things in life. Eureka Baud said â€Å"bag lady, you goon hurt your back/ dragging all them bags like hem bags goon get in your way†¦ So pack light. The second verse is emphasizing the The third verse in â€Å"Bag Lady’ says â€Å"Bag lady you goon’ miss your bus/ you can’t missing out on opportunities to improve themselves, that will move them on to bigger In â€Å"Bag Lady,† Eureka Baud mentions different types of women with different types have become. The empowering key words in† Bag Lady’ are â€Å"Bet way love could make it All Eureka is saying is to know your self-worth, and open the door to self-esteem; wit hout it you have no chance at love, peace, Joy, power, and a sound mind. How to cite Bag Lady, Papers

Positive Management Practices to Achieve Results

Question 1: List and identify the relationships between different functions/processes and explain the different functions and processes.List the key aims, objectives and mission of ABC Company and draw a process map for any one of the functions.Evaluate the elements required to build a quality gateway, which focuses on the output of the process Answer 1: Introduction Through this report, significance of various business processes will be discussed that are mainly used for the purpose of delivering the results and the goals of ABC Company, which is a recruitment company (Mullins 2007). The report will also help in understanding how the relevance system tries to ensure about the quality of either product or service of the company and how the same could impact the organization. The report discusses about the managers working at ABC Company who has blamed the company for deficits.The managers have blamed the poor management, inadequate leadership, as well as ineffective management of the company for this deficit (Mullins 2007). These issues have leaded to decrease in job, delayed the operations and close the services. These issues are crucial as financial failure often reflect on the failure of the company (Mullins 2007). Therefore, by considering the present scenario of the company, certain suggestions has to be made for advising over the changes to be made in the company, so that overall performance of the company could be improved (Mullins 2007). The size of the company might impact the external environment along with ability to respond towards it (Mullins 2007). Small businesses having the limited resources mainly the finance and the management are unable to actually scan the environment and negatively react towards the changes in the environment (Mullins 2007). Basically, there are small businesses that try to thrive towards the slow economy. The organizational structure of ABC Company includes the design group staff through their products and functions (Mullins 2007). This structure is helpful in dealing with the recruitment procedure and work in different areas, like people working in teams or projects (Mullins 2007). The entire business process of ABC Company is the ideal process for doing business, as they have deployed the new technologies in the business like ERP and SAP softwares that has helped them in keeping 360 degree view of the recruited staff, the reason for including these softwares is that the company has ga ined the experience of having the cross functioning (Mullins 2007).If the company wants to conduct the new recruitment process, it gives the ads and selects the candidates according to qualification and work experience (Mullins 2007). The shortlisted candidates are called for the interview and are selected on the basis of it. The key factor for ABC Company requires looking over to the communication. Increase in the level of communication can result into analyzing the coordination among the productivity level of the company (Mullins 2007). The company also gives constant training and organizes activities in the company. The cross functional activities of the company help the company in achieving the process quality, orientation growth, and employees satisfaction (Mullins 2007).ABC Company is devoted towards developing the human potential. The mission of the company is to creative innovative solutions for the people and informs them about the choices in order to improve their lives (M iller 2004). The company motivates and encourages the employees to achieve their both professional as well as personal fulfillment (Miller 2004). The process mapping is referred as the visual aid that supports in understanding the work process of ABC Company. The business success lies over the communication ability about the core functions along with important activities of the business (Miller 2004). Process mapping is referred as a technique, in which business process is actually converted into the visual diagram. The above diagram depicts the ABC Company core process along with important activities, in which it is depicted that there core process aim is to achieve the main activities, in order to fulfill the objectives of the business (Miller 2004). ABC Company has tried to achieve every factor in their mission statement since the starting of the company. The company has tried to maintain their quality of services (Miller 2004). The company has introduced different forms in their recruitment procedure along with imparting training services. The new objectives introduced by the ABC Company tries to fulfill the criteria of the SMART objectives, which includes, specific, measurable, achievable, Time bound as well as result oriented (Miller 2004). The results of the business process rely over the goals as well as factors of attaining critical success. There are certain measures of the business process that are followed by the company (Miller 2004).The company makes use of SAP and ERP softwares in order to properly handle the customers and employees data through having the greatest visibility along with predicated outcomes of the employees that are drawn (Miller 2004). The companies try to enable towards focusing on imparting unique approach towards the recruitment process. The companys main focus is on talent of the middle as well as senior management requirements. The company tries to recruit all across different segments of the industry for the multinational companies along with other leading business houses (Miller 2004). The ABC Company also tries to deliver their services according to the set timescale. Question 2: Design a plan to promote goals and objectives for ABC Company to ensure plans are consistent with legal, regulatory and ethical requirements.Write, using SMART objectives, your recommendations relating to the alignment of people and other resources, in an effective and efficient way.Implement appropriate systems to achieve objectives in the most efficient way, on time, to budget and meeting organizational standards of quality.Carry out work activities meeting the operational plan through effective monitoring and control. Answer 2: Planning for the company requires one to develop the clear objectives that are actually reliable in undertaking the functions of the business (David and Fischer 1983). In the case of ABC Company, they consider that the planning is actually a critical process in ensuring as well as exploring the costs and changes in the advance along with keeping everything under the control (David and Fischer 1983). As per the ABC Company they try to make the plan at various levels. In every organizational level, the core functions of the company tries to drive the individual in order to achieve the objectives and every activity cover up the deployment resources that could try to convert the day to day performance through the behavior quality as well as policy performance (David and Fischer 1983). The ABC Company undertakes the SMART objectives as it help them in enhancing their process of recruitment process and imparting other HR activities. The David and Fischer (1983) consider the SMART objectives while evaluating the ABC Company employees relationship management. Employees relationship management is the important process, as it supports in adding value to the company and it also supports in enhancing the business in a quite efficient as well as effective manner (David and Fischer 1983). It is noted that ABC Company has understood the companys long term growth that relies over their ability to make tie up with the employees. There is a link with the customers needs and employees ability to fulfill those needs (David and Fischer 1983).ABC Company has tried to implement the move through improving the recruitment activities and implemented the ERP process in the company (David and Fischer 1983). But actually, there is a high time for the company to understand and look towards the future of the companys competitors in order to gain the competitive advantage for starting the activities of the company (David and Fischer 1983). The company also tries to build the campaign management, which is quite a demanded process of the company, as through this process the company tries to retrieve the employees profile in order to customize as well as develop the campaign management cycle by making use of the cutting edge in the present scenario and in enhancing the intelligence of employees (David and Fischer 1983). In order to implement the relevant systems for fulfilling the objectives in the effective manner within the time as well as budget in fulfilling the companys standard quality, therefore, the company makes use of project management tool for implementing these standards (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). A project is considered as the different endeavor in order to produce the deliverables in the set time as well as constraints of quality. Its noted that projects are often differentiating that it becomes challenging to define it (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). A project is defined as the unique venture that includes both starting and ending, which is mainly conducted through the people in order to meet the set up goals along with the parameters of both quality and schedule of cost (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986).The Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar (1986) has also selected the work break structure in the company through adopting different methods like, Gantt Chart, ERP process, tools for ri sk management, along with Critical Path analysis in order to implement the systems for fulfilling the objectives in effective way and as per the quality standards of the company (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). It is noted that work breakdown structure of the company supports in conducting the employees relationship process of SAP in the company that supports in understanding all the process as well as task (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). The operations plan of ABC Company includes, Organizational constraints, development of products, value added chain, as well as meeting objectives (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). ABC Company undertakes the two steps for developing the new services like design as well as development and other one is setting up the specifications. The mechanism of ABC Company includes the services of training and development (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). In this process the company tries to first estimate the ways to increase the sales if the new services are designed that could appeal the employees. After undertaking the market research through the help of research and development department of the ABC Company establish the product specifications (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). ABC company value added chain includes the process through which they try to collect the employees data, and try to recruit the candidate after specific procedure (Arthur, Ellis and Hillmar 1986). Question 3: Explain the systems required to manage and monitor quality standards of ABC Company.Demonstrate a quality culture to ensure continuous monitoring, evaluation and development of the processRecommend improvements which align with the organizations objectives and goals and which results in improvements. Highlight the elements of your plan which are going to bring continuous improvement in the system.Write a brief report on the wider implications of proposed changes within the organization. Answer 3: In the present world, the quality is considered as the significant factor for determining the position of the company in order to stay in the competitive market (Buchanan and Baddy 1982). The products of high quality have leads towards the goodwill and satisfaction of the customers, through conducting the repetitive sales and making loyal customers (Buchanan and Baddy 1982). The system adopted for monitoring as well as managing the standards of quality specified by the ABC Company are allotted through the top management in all the operations of the company, which includes: The Company should offer the services in order to meet the standards within time frame (Buchanan and Baddy 1982). It should lead towards improving the entire process for the purpose of understanding the needs of the changing customers as well as their preferences and inputs for the purpose of reviewing and establishing the performance standards of the services (Buchanan and Baddy 1982). Management of the quality at ABC Company is not just a process for the company, rather its considered as the continuous process assessment (Basu 2004). As its stated earlier, the total quality management concept adopted by ABC Company is considered as philosophy for managing the company for fulfilling the requirements of stakeholders along with their expectations (Basu 2004). Its not easy to achieve the total quality management along with the culture of an organization, such as language or subculture in the entire system of the company that impose the challenges; therefore, ABC company priority is based on the changing culture of the company that could increase quality standards and ensure about the process development and continuous monitoring of entire process (Basu 2004). It is recommended that ABC Company should adopt the six sigma theory in order to enhance the process output quality (Burke 2007). It tries to instigate towards fulfilling the set objectives, along with improvement in process and measuring the performance. It includes all the business process that makes the company work at the zero defects (Burke 2007). ABC Company adopts the quality improvement tools and tries to align with recruitment aims of the company. Quality improvement process is included in order to enhance the productivity and efficiency in fulfilling the needs of the clients (Burke 2007). It is noted that ABC Company tries to opt for the tools of six sigma in the process of quality improvement, as it supports the company in minimizing its effects of recruitment process, and also help in improving the profitability of the business, along with improving the efficiency and productivity of every operations in order to fulfill the requirements and expectations of the clients (Stoling 2008). The core functions of the six sigma process in ABC Company are enhancing the employees retention and improve the business services (Stoling 2008). All the above factors can leave the wide implications in the company over the changed process. It is recommended to ABC Company to implement the tool of Six Sigma through investing the huge capital in adopting the ERP software to be installed in the company (Stoling 2008). Question 4: Advice on how to carry out risk assessments as required by legislation, regulation and organizational requirements ensuring appropriate action is taken.Demonstrate the correct and effective application of the health and safety regulations and legislation applicable in ABC Company.Carry out a systematic review of organizationalhealth and safety policies and procedures in order to ensure they are effective and compliant.Advise on how to carry out the practical application of health and safety policies and procedures ABC Company. Answer 4: The legislation of health and safety legislation can be included in the ABC Company, as it can help in organizing the efforts and procedures for exploring the hazards at the workplace and also supports in minimizing the accidents that could be caused through harmful situations (Cardoso 2005). It cover up personnel training in preventing the accidents, response at the time of accidents, preparedness of any type of emergency and using the equipments during risk (Cardoso 2005). Therefore, its the duty of the training manager to impart training to staff for getting prepared during risky situations. A risk assessment process is important at ABC Company, so that they could train employees according to the set legislation by the government (Cardoso 2005). It is noted that laws often dont expect from every company to practice it, but its important they should ensure about the employees safety along with safety of the society (Becker, Rosemann and von Uthmann 2000). The legislation of health and safety as per the 1948 Factories Act, workers welfare should be ensured in the company. ABC Company imparts training that relates according to industry, under which the companies operate their laws (Becker, Rosemann and von Uthmann 2000). For the purpose of carrying out the organizations review about the policies of health and safety and its entire procedure, ABC Company tries to draw the policies that follow the same in the company (Becker, Rosemann and von Uthmann 2000). It is believed by ABC Company to accept the changes and try to forge towards all these changes in the company. Through evaluating the effectiveness of health and safety legislation, it is expected that ABC company to clearly understand all the efficiencies as well as complaints related to it for the purpose of practicing the regulations of health and safety in the company (Becker, Rosemann and von Uthmann 2000). The company also discuss about the crucial points that could bring improvement in the company. The ABC Company presents their views on the ABC company along with the points based on the practical applications related to the policies of health and safety, for example, laws related to health and safety falls along with the health and safety policies practical application at the workplaces through hiring the housekeeping service people who could come at the time of production (Becker, Rosemann and von Uthmann 2000). The company should also try to ensure about the hiring those employees who are trained in reducing the hazards. For example, for the paint company, spill of the paint could be risky situation as it can harm the employees; if the employees are trained they could take help of housekeeping machine for keeping the floor clean and minimizes the chances of accidents (Becker, Rosemann and von Uthmann 2000). Conclusion ABC Company operates its recruitment business in many countries and tries to impart quality services to their clients. The report has tried to discuss about the interrelationship among the various processes of the ABC Company in order to meet their goals and objectives. The report also discusses about the various areas of the companies responsibilities and how the company should plan its operations, so that it could be improved. On the other side, the report has also discussed about the ABC Company and how to actually monitor the relevant quality systems for the purpose of enhancing the performance of the company. Finally, it also discusses the ways of managing the health and safety in the companies. References Arthur, C., Ellis, E. and Hillmar, D. 1986. Positive Management Practices: Bringing out the best in organisation and people. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. Basu, R. 2004. Implementing quality. Cengage learning EMEA Becker, J., Rosemann, M. and von Uthmann, C. 2000. Guidelines of Business Process Modeling, in Business Process Management. Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer. Buchanan and Baddy. 1982. Fundamentals of project management (1st edition). New York: SAGE. Burke. 2007. Introduction to Project Management. Partner Pub Group. Cardoso, J. 2005. Evaluating the Process Control-Flow Complexity Measure. ICWS David, A. and Fischer. 1983. Strategies towards political pressure: A typology of firm responses. Academy of management review. Miller, A., et al. 2004. Strategic management (2nd edition). New York, USA: SAGE Mullins, L.J. 2007. Management and organizational behavior,8th Ed. Pearson education ltd. Stoling, W. 2008. Managing activities to achieve result. 6th ed. England: Wiley.